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     <dc:title xml:lang="fr">Blockchain &amp; Privacy : enjeux et encadrements juridiques</dc:title>
     <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Blockchain &amp; Privacy : issues and legal frameworks </dcterms:alternative>
     <dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Privacy</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Blockchain</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Droit à la vie privée</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Données personnelles</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Identité numérique</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">registres électroniques</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Internet des objets</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Droit de l'Union européenne</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Économie numérique.</dc:subject>
     <dc:subject xml:lang="en">Privacy</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">Blockchain</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">Right to private life</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">Personal data</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">Digital identity</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">Electronic ledgers</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">Internet of Things</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">European Union law</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">Digital economy .</dc:subject>
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						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="197956688">Blockchains</tef:elementdEntree>
					</tef:vedetteRameauNomCommun><tef:vedetteRameauNomCommun>
						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="027283690">Droit à la vie privée</tef:elementdEntree>
					</tef:vedetteRameauNomCommun><tef:vedetteRameauNomCommun>
						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="139545662">Protection de l'information (informatique) -- Droit</tef:elementdEntree>
					</tef:vedetteRameauNomCommun><tef:vedetteRameauNomCommun>
						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="027467171">Droit européen</tef:elementdEntree>
					</tef:vedetteRameauNomCommun><tef:vedetteRameauNomCommun>
						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="146775570">Internet des objets</tef:elementdEntree>
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     <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La Blockchain, technologie derrière le Bitcoin, fait l’objet d’un encadrement juridique de plus 
en plus important, en particulier de la part de l’Union européenne. Curieusement, le mot 
« Blockchain » n’apparaît pas dans les textes l’encadrant. Les expressions « technologie de 
registres distribués » (Distributed ledger technology DLT), ou, parfois, « registre 
électronique » lui sont plutôt privilégiées. Or, la plupart de ces textes encadrent les marchés des 
crypto-actifs, dont l’existence est permise précisément par la Blockchain. Nonobstant les 
ambiguïtés terminologiques qui persistent, il est possible d’identifier des caractéristiques et des 
attributs techniques susceptibles de permettre une certaine appréhension juridique de cette 
technologie. L’identité numérique auto-souveraine (sel-sovereign identity, SSI) émerge en 
même temps que l’utilisation croissante de la Blockchain par des initiatives privées (vote 
électronique) et publiques (infrastructure pour les services publics) pour des applications autres 
que les crypto-actifs. Or, le droit de l’Union européenne n’est pas encore adapté à ces nouveaux 
usages. La diversification des fonctions de la Blockchain a ainsi entrainé une multiplication des 
risques et des enjeux pour la Privacy. La Privacy, quant à elle, apparaît comme un principe 
juridique regroupant plusieurs droits fondamentaux et plusieurs prérogatives juridiques 
attachées à certains droits. Elle renvoie principalement au droit à la protection de la vie privée 
et au droit à la protection des données à caractère personnel. Ces droits entretiennent, tantôt une 
relation de contenant à contenu, selon la conception du Conseil de l’Europe, tantôt une relation 
de droits fondamentaux autonomes l’un de l’autre, selon la conception de l’Union européenne. 
L’interconnexion de la Blockchain avec d’autres technologies, l’environnement numérique 
dense dans lequel elle s’inscrit et les opportunités qu’elle offre aux personnes concernées en 
matière de contrôle de leurs données, incitent à envisager une nouvelle forme de protection de 
la Privacy. Les potentialités en matière de modification des rôles des acteurs du numérique 
offertes par la Blockchain s’inscrivent ainsi dans un contexte juridique en constante évolution. 
L’Union européenne cherche en effet à concilier la protection de la Privacy avec l’innovation 
technologique, le développement de l’économie numérique et avec différentes exigences de 
sécurité. En ce sens, la Blockchain pourrait permettre de concevoir une protection ascendante 
de la Privacy répondant à cette quête d’équilibre de la part de l’Union européenne.</dcterms:abstract>
     <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Blockchain, the technology behind Bitcoin, is subject to increasingly significant legal 
regulation, particularly by the European Union. Curiously, the word "Blockchain" does not 
appear in the texts regulating it. Instead, the terms "distributed ledger technology" (DLT) or, 
sometimes, "electronic ledger" are preferred. However, most of these texts regulate the crypto
asset markets, whose existence is made possible precisely by Blockchain. Notwithstanding the 
lingering terminological ambiguities, it is possible to identify technical characteristics and 
attributes that may allow for a certain legal understanding of this technology. Furthermore self
sovereign identity (SSI) is emerging alongside the growing use of Blockchain by private 
(electronic voting) and public (infrastructure for public services) initiatives for applications 
other than crypto-assets. However, European Union law has not yet adapted to these new uses. 
The diversification of Blockchain functions has, thus led to the emergence and proliferation of 
risks and issues for Privacy. Privacy, meanwhile, appears to be a legal principle encompassing 
several fundamental rights and several legal prerogatives attached to certain rights. It refers 
mainly to the right to Privacy and the right to personal data protection. These rights sometimes 
have a container-content relationship, according to the Council of Europe's conception, and 
sometimes a relationship of fundamental rights that are autonomous from one another, 
according to the European Union's conception. The interconnection of Blockchain with other 
technologies, the dense digital environment in which it operates, and the opportunities it offers 
to those concerned in terms of control over their data, encourage us to consider a new form of 
Privacy protection. The potential for Blockchain to change the roles of digital actors is therefore 
part of a constantly evolving legal context. The European Union is seeking to reconcile Privacy 
protection with technological innovation, the development of the digital economy and various 
security requirements. In this sense, Blockchain could enable the design of bottom-up Privacy 
protection that meets the European Union's quest for balance. Blockchain, the technology behind Bitcoin, is subject to increasingly significant legal 
regulation, particularly by the European Union. Curiously, the word "Blockchain" does not 
appear in the texts regulating it. Instead, the terms "distributed ledger technology" (DLT) or, 
sometimes, "electronic ledger" are preferred. However, most of these texts regulate the crypto
asset markets, whose existence is made possible precisely by Blockchain. Notwithstanding the 
lingering terminological ambiguities, it is possible to identify technical characteristics and 
attributes that may allow for a certain legal understanding of this technology. Furthermore self
sovereign identity (SSI) is emerging alongside the growing use of Blockchain by private 
(electronic voting) and public (infrastructure for public services) initiatives for applications 
other than crypto-assets. However, European Union law has not yet adapted to these new uses. 
The diversification of Blockchain functions has, thus led to the emergence and proliferation of 
risks and issues for Privacy. Privacy, meanwhile, appears to be a legal principle encompassing 
several fundamental rights and several legal prerogatives attached to certain rights. It refers 
mainly to the right to Privacy and the right to personal data protection. These rights sometimes 
have a container-content relationship, according to the Council of Europe's conception, and 
sometimes a relationship of fundamental rights that are autonomous from one another, 
according to the European Union's conception. The interconnection of Blockchain with other 
technologies, the dense digital environment in which it operates, and the opportunities it offers 
to those concerned in terms of control over their data, encourage us to consider a new form of 
Privacy protection. The potential for Blockchain to change the roles of digital actors is therefore 
part of a constantly evolving legal context. The European Union is seeking to reconcile Privacy 
protection with technological innovation, the development of the digital economy and various 
security requirements. In this sense, Blockchain could enable the design of bottom-up Privacy 
protection that meets the European Union's quest for balance. </dcterms:abstract>
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