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     <dc:title xml:lang="fr">Dynamiques des communautés microbiennes dans les interfaces redox de la subsurface continentale : diversité, biomasse, métabolismes et cinétiques biogéochimiques</dc:title>
     <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Dynamics of microbial communities in the redox interfaces of the continental subsurface : diversity, biomass, metabolisms and biogeochemical kinetics</dcterms:alternative>
     <dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Biosphère profonde</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Biomasse</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Diversité microbienne</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Eaux souterraines</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Interfaces redox</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cycles biogéochimiques</dc:subject>
     <dc:subject xml:lang="en">Deep biosphere</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">Biomass</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">Microbial diversity</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">Groundwaters</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">Redox interfaces</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">Biogeochemical cycles</dc:subject>
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						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="027387852">Biomasse</tef:elementdEntree>
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						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="089675703">Diversité microbienne</tef:elementdEntree>
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     <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">L'hétérogénéité de la subsurface continentale favorise le mélange de flux d'eau souterraine de signatures biogéochimiques distinctes, créant des hotspots microbiologiques. Dans les interfaces oxique-anoxiques, des hotspots de bactéries microaérophiles se traduisent par la formation de tapis microbiens orangés, riches en bactéries ferro-oxydantes (FeOB). Dans les milieux souterrains, plusieurs études de diversité sur ces FeOB ont montré l’abondance de la famille des Gallionellaceae, des bactéries chimiolithoautotrophes produisant une grande quantité de biomasse. Cette thèse porte sur la diversité et l’activité de ces bactéries, leur influence sur la cinétique des réactions et leur production de biomasse au sein des environnements de gradients redox qui constituent leurs habitats. Pour reproduire les conditions optimales de croissance de cette communauté microbienne, un traçage réactif à l’oxygène a été réalisé in situ et les réponses microbienne et géochimique ont été suivies. En laboratoire, des expériences avec des faibles concentrations en O2 ont permis de préciser la gamme de croissance de ces bactéries et de quantifier leur contribution à la production primaire. Nos résultats montrent des interactions des FeOB avec d'autres microorganismes et leur rôle dans les cycles du C, Fe, S, et N. Pour en savoir plus la niche écologique de ces bactéries, la première FeOB issue de la subsurface continentale a été isolée et caractérisée en laboratoire. Ces travaux mettent en lumière l’effet de l’oxygène sur la dynamique de croissance de ces bactéries et suggère une capacité d'adaptation importante face aux variations environnementales et une aptitude à exploiter les ressources énergétiques dès leur disponibilité.</dcterms:abstract>
     <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The heterogeneity of the continental subsurface favors the mixing of groundwater fluxes of distinct biogeochemical signatures, creating microbiological hotspots. In oxic-anoxic interfaces, hotspots of microaerophilic bacteria result in the formation of orange microbial mats, rich in iron-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB). In underground environments, several diversity studies on these FeOB have shown the abundance of the Gallionellaceae family, chemolithoautotrophic bacteria producing a large quantity of biomass. This thesis focuses on the diversity and activity of these bacteria, their influence on the kinetics of reactions and their production of biomass within the redox gradient environments which constitute their habitats. To reproduce the optimal growth conditions of this microbial community, reactive oxygen tracer-test was carried out in situ and the microbial and geochemical responses were monitored. In the laboratory, experiments with low O2 concentrations made it possible to specify the growth range of these bacteria and to quantify their contribution to primary production. Our results show interactions of FeOB with other microorganisms and their role in the cycles of C, Fe, S, and N. To learn more about the ecological niche of these bacteria, the first FeOB from the continental subsurface was isolated and characterized in the laboratory. This work highlights the effect of oxygen on the growth dynamics of these bacteria and suggests a significant capacity for adaptation to environmental variations and an ability to exploit energy resources as soon as they become available.</dcterms:abstract>
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