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     <dc:title xml:lang="en">Metalloprotease-mediated cleavage of CD95 ligand</dc:title>
     <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Caractérisation du clivage du CD95 ligand par les métalloprotéases </dcterms:alternative>
     <dc:subject xml:lang="fr">CD95 Ligand</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">CD95L soluble</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">métalloprotéase</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">clivage protéolytique</dc:subject>
     <dc:subject xml:lang="en">CD95 Ligand</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">soluble CD95L</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">metalloprotease</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">proteolytic cleavage</dc:subject>
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						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="050170449">Antigènes CD95</tef:elementdEntree>
					</tef:vedetteRameauNomCommun><tef:vedetteRameauNomCommun>
						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="032315236">Métalloprotéinases</tef:elementdEntree>
					</tef:vedetteRameauNomCommun><tef:vedetteRameauNomCommun>
						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="031153852">Ligands (biochimie)</tef:elementdEntree>
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						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="029373557">TNF (cytokines)</tef:elementdEntree>
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     <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Le prototype de récepteur CD95 est une glycoprotéine transmembranaire de type I qui, comme d'autres membres de la famille des récepteurs du TNF, est exprimée de manière ubiquitaire dans les tissus sains et pathologiques. Son ligand naturel CD95L est une protéine transmembranaire de type II principalement exprimée à la surface des lymphocytes T cytotoxiques. La stimulation de CD95 par son ligand physiologique va induire son oligomérisation et le recrutement, via ses domaines intracellulaires, de plusieurs protéines impliquées dans la transduction soit des signaux apoptotiques, soit des signaux non-apoptotiques. Au cours des vingt dernières années, plusieurs études ont démontré l'implication du couple CD95L/CD95 dans l'étiologie de diverses pathologies. Il apparaît que la forme clivée de CD95L joue un rôle clé dans l'induction de plusieurs voies non-apoptotiques, telles que la prolifération cellulaire et la migration. De plus, il a récemment été observé que la concentration de CD95L clivé est augmentée dans le sérum de patients atteints de pathologies telles que certains cancers, maladies auto-immunes et inflammations chroniques et, plus important encore, elle est corrélée à la progression de ces maladies. Il est donc important de comprendre les mécanismes moléculaires qui contrôlent ce clivage. Les métalloprotéases matricielles sont des enzymes protéolytiques capables de dégrader tous les composants de la matrice extracellulaire. Des études antérieures ont montré leur implication dans le clivage de certains membres de la superfamille des ligands TNF. Ma thèse de doctorat vise à identifier les protéases impliquées dans le clivage de CD95L et à localiser précisément ces sites de clivage. Nous avons identifié quatre métalloprotéases impliquées dans le clivage du domaine extracellulaire de CD95L, en utilisant des approches biochimiques basées sur le clivage in vitro de protéines recombinantes et de peptides synthétiques. Par la suite, en utilisant la spectrométrie de masse couplée à la LC (LC-MS/MS), nous cartographions précisément les sites de clivage. Cette étude fournit le premier criblage systématique du clivage de CD95L par les métalloprotéases, qui jusqu'à présent n'avait été que très partiellement décrit. Nous confirmons une partie des données précédemment décrites de la littérature, identifions de nouvelles protéases impliquées dans le clivage de CD95L et décrivons de nouveaux sites de clivage. Dans l'ensemble, nos observations soulignent que si les études sur le potentiel thérapeutique du CD95L soluble sont prometteuses, on en sait peu sur les mécanismes moléculaires et physiologiques associés à la libération protéolytique du CD95L soluble. Ces travaux ont contribué à combler un manque de la littérature scientifique et apportent des observations essentielles pour le développement de nouvelles options thérapeutiques ciblant la forme soluble du CD95L.</dcterms:abstract>
     <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The prototype CD95 receptor is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein which, like other members of the TNF receptor family, is ubiquitously expressed in healthy and pathological tissues. Its natural ligand CD95L is a type II transmembrane protein mainly expressed on the surface of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Stimulation of CD95 by its physiological ligand will induce its oligomerization and the recruitment, via its intracellular domains, of several proteins involved in the transduction of either the apoptotic or the non-apoptotic signals. Over the past twenty years, several studies have demonstrated the involvement of the CD95L/CD95 pair in the etiology of various pathologies. It appears that the cleaved form of CD95L plays a key role in the induction of several non-apoptotic pathways, such as cell proliferation and migration. In addition, it has recently been observed that the concentration of cleaved CD95L is increased in the serum of patients with pathological conditions such as certain cancer, autoimmune diseases, and chronic inflammation, and, more importantly, it correlates with the progression of these diseases. It is therefore important to understand the molecular mechanisms that control this cleavage. Matrix metalloproteases are proteolytic enzymes capable of degrading all extracellular matrix components. Previous studies have shown their involvement in the cleavage of certain members of the TNF ligand superfamily. My doctoral thesis aims to identify the proteases involved in the cleavage of CD95L and precisely locate these cleavage sites. We have identified four metalloproteases involved in the cleavage of the extracellular domain of CD95L, using biochemical approaches based on the in vitro cleavage of recombinant proteins and synthetic peptides. Subsequently, using LC-coupled mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) we precisely map the cleavage sites. This study provides the first systematic screening of the cleavage of CD95L by metalloproteases, which until now had only been described very partially. We confirm part of the previously described data from the literature, identify new proteases involved in the cleavage of CD95L and describe new cleavage sites. Taken together, our observations underline that while studies on the therapeutic potential of soluble CD95L are promising, little is known about the molecular and physiological mechanisms associated with the proteolytical release of soluble CD95L. This work contributed to fill the gap in the scientific literature and provides essential data for the development of new therapeutic options to target the soluble form of CD95L.</dcterms:abstract>
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       <tef:nom>Risso</tef:nom>
       <tef:prenom>Vesna</tef:prenom>
       
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