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     <dc:title xml:lang="fr">Paléobiodiversité et paléoenvironnements des gisements à ambre du Crétacé et du Miocène d'Afrique</dc:title>
     <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Palaeobiodiversity and palaeoenvironments of African Cretaceous and Miocene amber deposits</dcterms:alternative>
     <dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Paléontologie</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">paléo-écosystème</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">paléo-environnement</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">ambre</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">cryptogames</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">bryophytes</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">arthropodes</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Mésozoïque</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cénozoïque</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Afrique</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Congo</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Ethiopie</dc:subject>
     <dc:subject xml:lang="en">Palaeontology</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">palaeo-ecosystem</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">palaeo-environment</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">amber</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">cryptogams</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">bryophytes</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">arthropods</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">Mesozoic</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cenozoic</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">Africa</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">Congo</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ethiopia</dc:subject>
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						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="027708780">Ambre (résine fossile)</tef:elementdEntree>
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					</tef:vedetteRameauNomCommun><tef:vedetteRameauNomCommun>
						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="027761398">Cryptogames</tef:elementdEntree>
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						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="030548659">Cénozoïque</tef:elementdEntree>
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     <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">De nombreux gisements d’ambre sont connus à travers le monde. Cependant, la majorité provient de l’ancien Laurasia, tandis que les ambres gondwaniens sont limités à quelques gisements, probablement du fait d’un manque d’accès ou de prospections dans un grand nombre de régions. Deux nouveaux gisements gondwaniens découverts, l’un dans le Crétacé du Congo, l’autre dans le Miocène d’Ethiopie, portent les premières occurrences africaines, gondwaniennes, voire fossiles de divers arthropodes ou végétaux. L’ambre du Congo préserve les traces d’un paléoenvironnement forestier à dominante gymnospermienne. La résine semble elle même produite par une gymnosperme, probablement Cheirolepidiaceae. Les inclusions sont majoritairement composées par des diptères et des hyménoptères. Elles dévoilent un écosystème aptien de milieu localement humide, sous un climat global chaud, semi-aride, s’étant développé au sein d’une vallée fluviatile, à l’aube de la dislocation du Gondwana. L’ambre miocène d’Ethiopie illustre quant à lui un milieu de type palustre, au sein d’une forêt tropicale humide. Les assemblages de végétaux cryptogames et d’arthropodes, préservés dans la résine, révèlent des similitudes avec les écosystèmes contemporains de République Dominicaine et du Mexique. Ces affinités sont les témoins de l’évolution biogéographique au Cénozoïque de taxons d’origine gondwanienne.</dcterms:abstract>
     <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Amber deposits are numerous and distributed worldwide. However, most of the deposits known today are found in the Northern Hemisphere (mostly former Laurasia), while reports of fossiliferous amber are scarce in the Southern Hemisphere or former Gondwana. This disparity seems due to a lack of access and prospection in many Gondwanan regions. The discovery of two new Gondwanan deposits, one from the Cretaceous of Congo, the other from the Miocene of Ethiopia, provides unique African, Gondwanan, or fossil occurrences of diverse arthropods as well as plants. Congo amber, produced by a gymnosperm, likely of the Cheirolepidiaceae family, illustrates a gymnosperm-dominated forest environment. Among the resin inclusions, Diptera and Hymenoptera are dominant. They reveal a locally humid environment, under hot, semiarid, global climate, that developed at the dawn of Gondwanan breakup. Miocene Ethiopian  amber illustrates a swamp or marsh environment in a tropical rain forest. The cryptogam and arthropod inclusions revealed in amber indicate similarities with contemporaneous ambers from Dominican Republic and Mexico. These affinities suggest a common Gondwanan origin of the floristic and faunistic  components, providing information on Cenozoic biogeographical evolution of taxa.</dcterms:abstract>
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