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     <dc:title xml:lang="fr">Dynamique des éléments transposables et évolution du génome des spartines polyploïdes</dc:title>
     <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Transposable elements dynamics and evolution of polyploid Spartina genome</dcterms:alternative>
     <dc:subject xml:lang="fr">génomique comparative</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">évolution</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">polyploïdie</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">hybridation</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">génome</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">séquençage à haut débit</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Éléments transposables</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">ADNs satellites</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">spartines</dc:subject>
     <dc:subject xml:lang="en">comparative genomic</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">evolution</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">polyploidy</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">hybridization</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">genome</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">next generation sequencing</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">Transposable elements</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">satellite DNA</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">spartina</dc:subject><tef:sujetRameau><tef:vedetteRameauNomCommun>
						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="031403670">Transposons</tef:elementdEntree>
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						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="031206646">ADN satellite</tef:elementdEntree>
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						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="032725728">Spartina</tef:elementdEntree>
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						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="031281982">Polyploïdie</tef:elementdEntree>
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						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="144956810">Génomique comparative</tef:elementdEntree>
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     <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les conséquences de la spéciation divergente ou réticulée (par hybridation) ont été explorées au cours de la diversification des spartines depuis 6-10MA à travers l’analyse des séquences répétées, de leur expression et régulation. Nous avons montré une corrélation entre éléments transposables, tailles de génome, et relations phylogénétiques, tout en mettant en évidence une dynamique variable des catégories d’éléments transposables ou de séquences satellites selon les lignées, et l’ancienneté des évènements de spéciation. L’abondance des éléments transposables a été mise en relation avec leur niveau d’expression et le rôle des petits ARN dans leur contrôle. Cette régulation se met rapidement en place suite à l’hybridation interspécifique et explique la « quiescence génomique » (absence de prolifération d’éléments transposables) détectée chez l’allododécaploïde récent S. anglica. Les annotations d’éléments transposables et de petits ARNs, les nouveaux transcriptomes de références réalisés chez différentes espèces au cours de ce travail représentent des ressources additionnelles qui permettront d’explorer de manière plus exhaustive la dynamique des génomes de spartines et de comprendre les mécanismes génomiques impliqués dans l’adaptation et l’écologie de ces espèces ingénieurs d’écosystèmes.</dcterms:abstract>
     <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">We explored the consequences of divergent speciation or reticulate evolution (resulting from hybridization) during diversification of the Spartina genus in the last 6-10 MY, based on the analysis of repeated sequences, their expression and regulation. Transposable element amounts, genome size, and phylogenetic relationships were found correlated, although differential dynamics of specific transposable element families or satellite sequences were encountered according to lineages, and to divergence times following the speciation events. The abundance of transposable elements appears related to their level of expression and the role of small RNAs in their control. This regulation is rapidly established following interspecific hybridization and explains the "genomic quiescence" (absence of transposable element “burst”) detected in the recent allododecaploid S. anglica. Annotations of transposable elements and small RNAs, new reference transcriptomes generated for different species during this work represent additional resources that will allow a more comprehensive exploration of the Spartina genome history and dynamics for a better understanding of the genomic mechanisms involved in the adaptation and ecology of these “ecosystem engineers” species.</dcterms:abstract>
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       <tef:nom>Giraud</tef:nom>
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