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    <title><string language="fre"><![CDATA[From the question “what is life?” to the building of minimal cells]]></string></title>
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        <string language="fre"><![CDATA[For many centuries, the question
about the meaning and nature of life has been central in philosophy and
science. We have now gathered, through experimental approaches, a large body of
knowledge about the organization of living organisms at different levels, but
the question “what is life?” remains the object of debates. In fact, this
question is in the spotlight for at least three reasons. The first one comes
from the need to recognize life in extra-terrestrial systems, the second one is
related to the understanding of the origin of life itself and the third one is
linked to the development of cellular chassis using synthetic biology. Indeed,
one of the goals of synthetic biology is to build novel living entities that
would fulfill some of our needs. One of the pursued approaches aims at creating
cellular chassis that would be close to the concept of a minimal cell. To reach
that goal, one first needs to define the minimal information (i.e. essential
genes) that is necessary and sufficient to support life, at least in the
laboratory. The next step is to find a method to produce a cellular system that
would use this set of essential genes as its genome. The type of resulting
organism does not exist in Nature and is not the product of Evolution. This
brings us back to the definition of a living organism because these entities
are obviously not autonomous.


In a first part  the
work done with mycoplasmas that are considered as models of
natural and minimal cells is presented and in a second part, the implications of this work in
the context of the development of synthetic biology are discussed.]]></string></description>
    <keyword><string language="fre"><![CDATA[cellules]]></string></keyword><keyword><string language="fre"><![CDATA[Mycoplasmas]]></string></keyword><keyword><string language="fre"><![CDATA[minimal cells]]></string></keyword><keyword><string language="fre"><![CDATA[mycoplasmes]]></string></keyword>
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FN:Alain BLANCHARD
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NOTE:Professeur à l'université                Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (France), Alain Blanchard est chercheur au Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Toulouse et de l’Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (LATT). Ses travaux portent sur la cosmologie dans ses                liens avec les observations astrophysiques. Il est     également membre de l'Institut Universitaire de                France. &gt; Voir sa page personnelle (LATT).   
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            <date><dateTime>2016-03-15</dateTime></date>
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